Database of Annual National Accounts

Supply and use tables are integrated part of national accounts of the Czech Republic. They are compiled annually in t+9 months (preliminary version of national accounts) and t+21 months (semidefinitive and definitive versions of national accounts) after reference year. These tables are used in national accounts for balancing of products and deflation of aggregates.

Supply and use tables provide the detailed description of transactions with goods and services realised in the year. They show resources (output, import, net taxes on products) and uses (intermediate consumption, final consumption, gross capital formation and export) of goods and services.

The base of construction of supply table and use table is a matrix (product x industry of activity) allowing to analyse production of industries and resources of products at one side and intermediate consumption and final use on the other side. Moreover you can find income approach to gross domestic product below intermediate consumption matrix.

The construction of supply and use tables is based on the two equations (by the same valuation of components of sources and uses):

• output by industries = inputs by industries; total output is a sum of intermediate consumption and value added
• sources by products = uses by products

The classification of products (CZ-CPA) and industries of activities (CZ-NACE) used in supply and use tables are reciprocally connected - on each used level of aggregation, the classification CZ-CPA covers the main products of industry by CZ-NACE, e.g., the detailed breakdown of products corresponds to the detail breakdown of industries (with exception in 1990 - 1994, using CZ-CPA breakdown into 38 groups).

The flows of goods and services in supply table are valued at basic prices and in use table at purchasers' prices. This valuation difference between both tables is caused by net taxes on products (taxes on products less subsidies on products) and trade and transport margins.

There were done significant changes of tables in the revision of national accounts in 2011. Not only classification of products and industries was changed but some methodological issues were changed, as well. Specifically two issues concern supply and use tables. At first the improvements of valuation of imports (CIF) and exports (FOB) which are now fully in line with ESA 95. The imports and exports are not equal to sector accounts data (at current prices). However, the total balance of the external trade is the same. The second change is the impact of new classification because installation costs (CZ-CPA 33) are separately recorded in capital formation. Beside that, some other changes in presentation of supply and use tables were done (separation of final consumption expenditure) and other presentation of taxes and margins.

We publish supply and use tables at current prices for preliminary version of national accounts (t + 9 months after reference year) and supply and use tables at previous years' prices for semi-definitive and definitive versions (t+21 months after reference year).

Symmetric input-output tables (SIOT) are derived by mathematical transformation from supply and use tables at basic prices. These tables are used mainly for economic analysis and econometric modelling.

The CZSO compiles SIOT according to EUROSTAT Manual regularly in five year period that is required by the EU transmission programme (years with 0 and 5 at the end). Due to the fast changes of structures in the Czech economy, the CZSO publish also preliminary tables to provide users updated data.

Up to now, the CZSO published product-by-product SIOTs only. From 2012, the CZSO publish also industry-by-industry SIOTs.

Product-by-product tables

Tables describing total economy	1990 1995 2000 2005 2009	current prices	national concept	current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011
Tables describing the use of domestic products	1990 1995 2000 2005 2009	current prices	national concept	current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011
Tables describing the use of imported products	1990 1995 2000 2005 2009	current prices	national concept	current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011

Product-by-product tables describe structure of sources, uses and value added by individual products. The calculation is based Product technology (model A of Manual). This method supposes that products are produced by the same technology in all industries.

Industry-by-industry tables

Tables describing total economy	1995 2000 2005 2009	current prices	national concept	current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011
Tables describing the use of domestic products	1995 2000 2005 2009	current prices	national concept	current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011
Tables describing the use of imported products	1995 2000 2005 2009	current prices	national concept	current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011

Industry-by-industry tables describe structure of sources, uses, value added by industries. For example, in the matrix of intermediate consumption you can find inputs to individual industries not in the form of products but in the form of output of industries. The calculation is based on assumption of Fixed product sales structures (model D of Manual).

Product-by-product tables based on Almon procedure

Tables describing total economy by Almon

1995 2000 2005 2009

current data valid by 30.9.2012data valid by 31.12.2011

Product-by-product tables based on Almon procedure (model F of Manual) eliminate the main deficiency of product technology (model A). Using product technology may cause negatives in the matrix of intermediate consumption depending on quality of defined industries. The Almon procedure allows avoiding it. On the other side, Almon procedure is an experimental calculation. In our case, it is not able to completely substitute product technology.

Notice: When using symmetric input-output tables, it is necessary to take into account that the compilation of these tables is based on quite strict assumptions given by used methods. The complication is also the definition of industries in the Czech statistical practice. Industries are defined on enterprise basis. It means that a unit is classified in one industry on the basis of main activity. This reality has negative impact on the production matrix and consequently on transformations based on it. Beside that, the transition to the new classification CZ-NACE and CZ-CPA represents a radical change in this field. The new classifications are quite different from previously used classifications OKEČ and SKP. Despite these difficulties, the CZSO tries to offer long time series of SIOTs to be used by users for different models.

Eurostat manual